This is complicated under Federal Law. In order to require a build-out with reasonable costs, density requirements can be included in franchises by the City. When Verizon negotiated with the City in 2008, the City included build-out exemptions in the franchise (which is now held by Ziply), in order to encourage competition, and be in compliance with Federal Law. Cable agreements which involve building cable lines to specific apartment buildings, or to private neighborhoods (where there are not public easements or City dedicated or City maintained streets), are negotiated between the building owner, or the neighborhood association, and the cable company.